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Looking at the type of PostgreSQL support requests, we have received recently, it is striking to see, how many of them are basically related to autovacuum and UPDATE in particular. Compared to other databases such as Oracle, PostgreSQL’s way of handling UPDATE and storage in general is quite different. Therefore people moving from Oracle to […]

  Inspired by my co-worker’s recent blog post, I decided to revisit the old question of rules vs. triggers and run a little benchmark to see which one does better. About rules While triggers are well known to most application developers and database administrators, rules are less well known. The full name “query rewrite rule” […]

When people are talking about database performance monitoring they usually think of inspecting one PostgreSQL database server at a time. While this is certainly useful it can also be quite beneficial to inspect the status of an entire database cluster or to inspect a set of servers working together at once. Fortunately there are easy […]

  We all know that you have to pay a price for a new index you create — data modifying operations will become slower, and indexes use disk space. That’s why you try to have no more indexes than you actually need. But most people think that SELECT performance will never suffer from a new […]

In my last post I described what to expect from simple PL/pgSQL triggers in performance degradation sense, when doing some inspection/changing on the incoming row data. Conclusion for the most common “audit fields” type of use case was that we should not worry about it too much and just create those triggers. But in which […]

I have already written about timeseries and PostgreSQL in the past. However, recently I stumbled across an interesting problem, which caught my attention: Sometimes you might want to find “periods” of activity in a timseries. For example: When was a user active? Or when did we receive data? This blog post tries to give you […]

In PostgreSQL, a view is a virtual table based on an SQL statement. It is an abstraction layer, which allows to access the result of a more complex SQL fast an easily. The fields in a view are fields from one or more real tables in the database. The question many people now ask if: […]

First of course the big question – should we be using good old triggers at all? Well, actually I’m not going to recommend anything here as it’s an opinionated topic:) People well-versed in databases would probably see good use cases for them whereas modern application developers would mostly say it’s an awful practice – doing […]

For those of you out there working with PostgreSQL in a professional way, migrating from Oracle to PostgreSQL might be one of the most beloved tasks available. One of the first things most people will notice, however, is that those data types available in Oracle might not be quite the same in PostgreSQL. This blog […]

  In a recent wrestling match with the Linux “out-of-memory killer” for a Cybertec customer I got acquainted with Linux control groups (“cgroups”), and I want to give you a short introduction how they can be used with PostgreSQL and discuss their usefulness. Warning: This was done on my RedHat Fedora 27 system running Linux […]

Preface There are several ways of building PostgreSQL under Windows. Official manual stands using Visual Studio is the simplest one, wiki describes how to use mingw and mingw-w64. As for me, using new MSYS2 building platform for Windows is a bless. With its help not only PostgreSQL sources are built smoothly, but even extensions are […]

  PostgreSQL query tuning is our daily bread at Cybertec, and once you have done some of that, you’ll start bristling whenever you see an OR in a query, because they are usually the cause for bad query performance. Of course there is a reason why there is an OR in SQL, and if you […]